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Design and applications of morphing aircraft and their structures

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-023-0750-6

摘要： Morphing aircraft can adaptively regulate their aerodynamic layout to meet the demands of varying flight conditions, improve their aerodynamic efficiency, and reduce their energy consumption. The design and fabrication of high-performance, lightweight, and intelligent morphing structures have become a hot topic in advanced aircraft design. This paper discusses morphing aircraft development history, structural characteristics, existing applications, and future prospects. First, some conventional mechanical morphing aircraft are examined with focus on their morphing modes, mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages. Second, the novel applications of several technologies for morphing unmanned aerial vehicles, including additive manufacturing for fabricating complex morphing structures, lattice technology for reducing structural weight, and multi-mode morphing combined with flexible skins and foldable structures, are summarized and categorized. Moreover, in consideration of the further development of active morphing aircraft, the paper reviews morphing structures driven by smart material actuators, such as shape memory alloy and macro-fiber composites, and analyzes their advantages and limitations. Third, the paper discusses multiple challenges, including flexible structures, flexible skins, and control systems, in the design of future morphing aircraft. Lastly, the development and application of morphing structures in the aerospace field are discussed to provide a reference for future research and engineering applications.

关键词： morphing aircraft additive manufacturing lattice structure smart material flexible structure flexible skin

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复合柔性结构航天器动力学建模研究

曲广吉,程道生

《中国工程科学》 1999年第1卷第2期页码 52-56

摘要：

柔性航天器动力学建模的传统方法是采用混合坐标法，针对中心刚体带大型柔性附件类的航天器，这种方法在理论建模和工程应用方面都获得了极大的成功。在中心刚体加柔性附件类航天器柔性动力学研究成果基础上，通过计及柔性体与柔性体连接点间的复合位移变形，利用混合坐标法建立了复合柔性结构航天器动力学模型，其软件系统DASFA 2.0已初步用于工程分析设计。

关键词：航天器复合柔性结构柔性动力学混合坐标法

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利用微机电系统技术制作弯曲结构表面无线无源柔性加速度计 Research Article

李晨1,2,贾蔓谷1,洪应平2,薛亚楠2,熊继军2

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第5期页码 801-809 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100236

摘要：提出一种LC无线无源柔性加速度计，解决测量弯曲结构表面加速度的困难。该加速度计由柔性聚酰亚胺（PI）衬底和平面螺旋电感（厚度为300 nm）组成，采用微机电系统（MEMS）技术，可任意弯曲或折叠，可牢固地粘附在具有弯曲结构的物体表面。利用射频无线传输原理，通过改变加速度计与天线之间的距离来测量加速度信号。与带导线的加速度计相比，该加速度计可以防止导线在振动过程中脱落，从而延长其使用寿命。通过搭建实验平台，当天线与加速度计之间的距离为5 mm时，在弯曲结构表面展示了加速度计在20至100 m/s2加速度下的传感能力。结果表明，加速度和峰峰值输出电压接近线性，加速度计灵敏度高达0.27 mV/(m•s−2)。此外，该加速度计的最大误差小于0.037%。

关键词：弯曲结构表面；柔性加速度计；微机电系统（MEMS）技术；无线非接触式测量

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Piezoelectric pump with flexible venous valves for active cell transmission

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0712-4

摘要： The development of organ-on-a-chip systems demands high requirements for adequate micro-pump performance, which needs excellent performance and effective transport of active cells. In this study, we designed a piezoelectric pump with a flexible venous valve inspired by that of humans. Performance test of the proposed pump with deionized water as the transmission medium shows a maximum output flow rate of 14.95 mL/min when the input voltage is 100 V, and the pump can transfer aqueous solutions of glycerol with a viscosity of 10.8 mPa·s. Cell survival rate can reach 97.22% with a yeast cell culture solution as the transmission medium. A computational model of the electric-solid-liquid multi-physical field coupling of the piezoelectric pump with a flexible venous valve is established, and simulation results are consistent with experimental results. The proposed pump can help to construct the circulating organ-on-a-chip system, and the simple structure and portable application can enrich the design of microfluidic systems. In addition, the multi-physical field coupling computational model established for the proposed piezoelectric pump can provide an in-depth study of the characteristics of the flow field, facilitating the optimal design of the micro-pump and providing a reference for the further study of active cell transport in organ-on-a-chip systems.

关键词： venous valve flexible venous valve cell transmission organ-on-a-chip system piezoelectric device

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Creation and integration mechanism of instrumentation flexible developing system

Xiaoli XU, Qiushuang LIU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第2期页码 235-240 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0122-5

摘要：

To solve many key technical problems during the development of modern instrumentation system integration and provide a new mode and fundamental technical equipment for the research and development (R&D) of modern instrumentation products, based on the concept of an instrumentation flexible developing system (IFDS), this paper discusses the creation and open flexible integration mechanism, perfects the integrated supporting environment and integrated system of the flexible interconnection, and constructs the new flexible integrated system. Based on the operation mechanism of the modern instrumentation developing system and the research and optimization of the rapid integration design method, the paper emphasizes the dynamic integrating method of multiple types of knowledge in a modern instrument R&D system, to effectively utilize the rich integrated resource and achieve rapid integration of the system. Applications show that the new IFDS can improve the integration level and efficiency of R&D of the modern instrumentation system, enforce the reliability of the system, shorten the R&D period, and reduce the development costs.

关键词： modern instrumentation developing flexible interconnection flexible integration mechanism rapid integration system dynamic integrating method

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Review on flexible perovskite photodetector: processing and applications

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-023-0749-z

摘要： Next-generation optoelectronics should possess lightweight and flexible characteristics, thus conforming to various types of surfaces or human skins for portable and wearable applications. Flexible photodetectors as fundamental devices have been receiving increasing attention owing to their potential applications in artificial intelligence, aerospace industry, and wise information technology of 120, among which perovskite is a promising candidate as the light-harvesting material for its outstanding optical and electrical properties, remarkable mechanical flexibility, low-cost and low-temperature processing methods. To date, most of the reports have demonstrated the fabrication methods of the perovskite materials, materials engineering, applications in solar cells, light-emitting diodes, lasers, and photodetectors, strategies for device performance enhancement, few can be seen with a focus on the processing strategies of perovskite-based flexible photodetectors, which we will give a comprehensive summary, herein. To begin with, a brief introduction to the fabrication methods of perovskite (solution and vapor-based methods), device configurations (photovoltaic, photoconductor, and phototransistor), and performance parameters of the perovskite-based photodetectors are first arranged. Emphatically, processing strategies for photodetectors are presented following, including flexible substrates (i.e., polymer, carbon cloth, fiber, paper, etc.), soft electrodes (i.e., metal-based conductive networks, carbon-based conductive materials, and two-dimensional (2D) conductive materials, etc.), conformal encapsulation (single-layer and multilayer stacked encapsulation), low-dimensional perovskites (0D, 1D, and 2D nanostructures), and elaborate device structures. Typical applications of perovskite-based flexible photodetectors such as optical communication, image sensing, and health monitoring are further exhibited to learn the flexible photodetectors on a deeper level. Challenges and future research directions of perovskite-based flexible photodetectors are proposed in the end. The purpose of this review is not only to shed light on the basic design principle of flexible photodetectors, but also to serve as the roadmap for further developments of flexible photodetectors and exploring their applications in the fields of industrial manufacturing, human life, and health care.

关键词： photodetector perovskite flexible processing application

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A review of the scalable nano-manufacturing technology for flexible devices

Wenbin HUANG,Xingtao YU,Yanhua LIU,Wen QIAO,Linsen CHEN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第12卷第1期页码 99-109 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0416-3

摘要：

Recent advances in electronic and photonic devices, such as artificial skin, wearable systems, organic and inorganic light-emitting diodes, have gained considerable commercial and scientific interest in the academe and in industries. However, low-cost and high-throughput nano-manufacturing is difficult to realize with the use of traditional photolithographic processes. In this review, we summarize the status and the limitations of current nano-patterning techniques for scalable and flexible functional devices in terms of working principle, resolution, and processing speed. Finally, several remaining unsolved problems in nano-manufacturing are discussed, and future research directions are highlighted.

关键词： flexible nano-manufacturing flexible devices nanofabrication scalability

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Analytical dynamic solution of a flexible cable-suspended manipulator

Mahdi BAMDAD

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第8卷第4期页码 350-359 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0271-9

摘要：

Cable-suspended manipulators are used in large scale applications with, heavy in weight and long in span cables. It seems impractical to maintain cable assumptions of smaller robots for large scale manipulators. The interactions among the cables, platforms and actuators can fully evaluate the coupled dynamic analysis. The structural flexibility of the cables becomes more pronounced in large manipulators. In this paper, an analytic solution is provided to solve cable vibration. Also, a closed form solution can be adopted to improve the dynamic response to flexibility. The output is provided by the optimal torque generation subject to the actuator limitations in a mechatronic sense. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm is examined through simulations.

关键词： parallel robot flexible cable suspended robot dynamic

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Possible role of power-to-heat and power-to-gas as flexible loads in German medium voltage networks

Mark KUPRAT, Martin BENDIG, Klaus PFEIFFER

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期页码 135-145 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0472-8

摘要： Germany’s energy transition triggered a rapid and unilateral growth of renewable energy sources (RES) in the electricity sector. With increasing shares of intermittent RES, overcapacities during periods of strong wind and photovoltaic electricity generation occur. In the face of insufficient transmission capacities, due to an inhibited network extension, the electricity generation has to be curtailed. This curtailment of RES leads to economic losses and could be avoided through flexible loads. As an option to cope with those problems, the technologies of power-to-gas (PtG) and power-to-heat (PtH) are presented in this paper. First, the alkaline electrolyzer (AEL), polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzer (PEMEL), and solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) are investigated regarding their operational parameters. Second, the electric boiler, electrode heating boiler, and heat pumps are considered. Ultimately, the network-supporting abilities and the potential to provide ancillary services, such as control power, load sequence operation, cold start and part load capability, are compared among one another.

关键词： power-to-gas power-to-heat flexible loads ancillary services coherent energy systems

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Estimation of flexible pavement structural capacity using machine learning techniques

Nader KARBALLAEEZADEH, Hosein GHASEMZADEH TEHRANI, Danial MOHAMMADZADEH SHADMEHRI, Shahaboddin SHAMSHIRBAND

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第5期页码 1083-1096 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0654-z

摘要： The most common index for representing structural condition of the pavement is the structural number. The current procedure for determining structural numbers involves utilizing falling weight deflectometer and ground-penetrating radar tests, recording pavement surface deflections, and analyzing recorded deflections by back-calculation manners. This procedure has two drawbacks: falling weight deflectometer and ground-penetrating radar are expensive tests; back-calculation ways has some inherent shortcomings compared to exact methods as they adopt a trial and error approach. In this study, three machine learning methods entitled Gaussian process regression, M5P model tree, and random forest used for the prediction of structural numbers in flexible pavements. Dataset of this paper is related to 759 flexible pavement sections at Semnan and Khuzestan provinces in Iran and includes “structural number” as output and “surface deflections and surface temperature” as inputs. The accuracy of results was examined based on three criteria of , , and . Among the methods employed in this paper, random forest is the most accurate as it yields the best values for above criteria ( =0.841, =0.592, and =0.760). The proposed method does not require to use ground penetrating radar test, which in turn reduce costs and work difficulty. Using machine learning methods instead of back-calculation improves the calculation process quality and accuracy.

关键词： transportation infrastructure flexible pavement structural number prediction Gaussian process regression M5P model tree random forest

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A pseudocapacitive molecule-induced strategy to construct flexible high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第9期页码 1208-1220 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2304-1

摘要： The combination of high-voltage windows and bending stability remains a challenge for supercapacitors. Here, we present an “advantage-complementary strategy” using sodium lignosulfonate as a pseudocapacitive molecule to regulate the spatial stacking pattern of graphene oxide and the interfacial architectures of graphene oxide and polyaniline. Flexible and sustainable sodium lignosulfonate-based electrodes are successfully developed, showing perfect bending stability and high electronic conductivity and specific capacitance (521 F·g⁻¹ at 0.5 A·g^–1). Due to the resulting rational interfacial structure and stable ion-electron transport, the asymmetric supercapacitors provide a wide voltage window reaching 1.7 V, outstanding bending stability and high energy-power density of 83.87 Wh·kg^–1 at 3.4 kW·kg^–1. These properties are superior to other reported cases of asymmetric energy enrichment. The synergistic strategy of sodium lignosulfonate on graphene oxide and polyaniline is undoubtedly beneficial to advance the process for the construction of green flexible supercapacitors with remarkably wide voltage windows and excellent bending stability.

关键词： molecular synergy pseudocapacitive lignosulfonate flexible electronic devices asymmetric supercapacitor wide voltage windows

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Implementation of a flexible Major Vacation Toll-free Program for small passenger vehicles in China

Meng XU, Ziyou GAO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第4期页码 498-499 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017111

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Synthesis and properties of polybenzazoles containing flexible methylene in backbone

XU Xiaohui, LIU Xiaoyun, ZHOU Chengjun, ZHUANG Qixin, HAN Zhewen

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第4期页码 412-416 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0073-5

摘要： A novel series of polybenzazoles with rigid-rod benzoxazole cycle and soft methylene segment was designed and synthesized via solution condensation polymerizations from 4,6-diamino-1,3-benzenediol diphosphate, terephthalic acid and aliphatic dicarboxylic acid. The structures of polybenzazoles were characterized by means of FT-IR, H NMR and Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD). All the polymers show excellent thermal stability and the s was above 471°C. The intrinsic viscosities [] of the polymers ranged from 0.8 to 0.9. The UV-Vis absorption peaks of the polymers in MSA were blue-shifted from 429 nm for PBO to 291 nm for PBOC7, and the Stokes shifts in PL spectra enlarged.

关键词： condensation Wide-angle absorption excellent diffraction

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Integration of renewable energies, flexible loads and storages into the German power grid: Actual situation

Harald SCHWARZ, Xiaoshu CAI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期页码 107-118 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0470-x

摘要： Starting from the late 1990’s, the German government decided to change the national electric power supply system dramatically. The main stimulating instrument was the German Law on Renewable Energies (Erneuerbare Energien Gesetz (EEG)), which guaranteed a fixed feed-in tariff to everyone who was willing to invest into renewable generation. Based on the year of commissioning, defined revenues per kWh were fixed for the next 20 years. Due to a very attractive over-funding, more than 1.5 million renewable generation units were connected to the German grid up to the end of 2015. According to the EEG, renewable generation units can feed to the grid wherever they are located and whenever they are able to produce. The old physical principle was and is still neglected, which clearly stated that generation always has to follow the demand—simply due to the limited availability of storages in the power system. Only in cases, when temporarily renewable overproduction exceeds the tolerable loading of lines or transformers respectively endangers the system stability in total, are German grid operators allowed to announce curtailments by emergency measures. Even in such cases, the “not produced energy” from renewable sources has to be funded. Although the installed capacity from renewables is much higher than the peak load in Germany, it contributes only about 32% to German average annual energy. Unfortunately, the regional distribution of renewable generation and load is very different, e.g. in the northeast of Germany, this Renewable Energy (RE)-ratio meanwhile exceeds 100% due to the high RE-penetration and low load. High transits of renewable overproduction from the north to the south will be necessary at nearly every day per year. Therefore, a tremendous change is needed within the German power grid. This paper will give a first overview followed by several others, describing possible solutions on how to overcome this critical situation.

关键词： grid integration renewable energies system stability storages flexible loads new market design

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Research and implementation of flexible coding system oriented multi-view

ZHANG Xuhui, ZHANG Xu, NING Ruxin

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第4期页码 448-452 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0077-8

摘要： On the basis of the requirements of a product data management system (PDM) for the flexible coding system, the principle of the flexible coding system oriented multi-view is analyzed. Generation and utilization of coding should be associated with the context of the object. The architecture of the flexible coding system oriented multi-view is studied and the implementation class diagram of the system is designed. The system can support the establishment of five types of code segments, provide the tools of flexible defining coding rules and drive the automatic generation of object coding in different views (contexts). On the foundation of the characteristics of the system, coding for parts is taken as a sample to validate and elaborate the flexible coding process of the system.

关键词： foundation different management utilization Generation